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Classification of industries (i.e. classification of national economic departments)

classification of industries (i.e. classification of national economic departments)

also known as classification of national economic departments. A multi-level industrial concept formed by decomposing and combining economic activities according to certain principles. Due to different perspectives of research issues, industrial classification is also different. At present, the common classifications are:

(1) the United Nations Industrial Classification

, also known as the United Nations standard industrial classification, is the standard industrial classification formulated by the United Nations in order to unify the industrial classification of countries around the world. It divides the national economy into ten sectors: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting; Mining; manufacturing Electricity, gas and water supply; construction Wholesale, retail, hotels, restaurants; Transportation, storage and transportation, communication; Finance, insurance, real estate; Government, social and personal services; Other economic activities. Each department is divided into several sub items, and then the sub items are divided into several sub items, which are divided into four levels: large, medium, small and detailed, and statistical codes are specified for each item. This industrial classification divides all economic activities without omission and standardizes them. The statistics based on this classification are highly comparable. The remarkable feature of the United Nations Industrial Classification is that it maintains a stable connection with the tertiary industrial classification. Many of the major items of its classification have their reasons for existence, and can be easily combined into three parts, which is consistent with the tertiary classification

(2) the three industry classification method

divides all economic activities into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. The terms primary industry and secondary industry were first popular in New Zealand and Australia in the 1920s. At that time, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and mining were called the "primary industry", and manufacturing was called the "secondary industry". In 1935, Professor Alan g. filch of Otago University in New Zealand put forward the concept of tertiary industry. In 1940, Colin Clark, a British economist and statistician, used the three industrial classification method in his book conditions for economic progress to study the law between economic development and changes in industrial structure, and divided all economic activities into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. Due to the diversity of perspectives and purposes of studying industrial structure, the classification of the three industries in various countries is not completely consistent. There are three classification methods: (1) the classification methods of Australia and New Zealand. The primary industries include agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, forestry and mining; The second industry includes manufacturing and transportation; The tertiary industry includes commerce, finance and insurance, real estate and personal services. (2) Classification of Japan's 1947 economic white paper. The primary industry includes forestry, fishery and aquaculture; The second industry is manufacturing, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, tap water, transportation and communication; The tertiary industry refers to the service industry, including quality, finance, real estate, personal services, commerce, housework, professional services, government and national defense. In China, the primary industry refers to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, etc; The secondary industry refers to industry (including mining, manufacturing, tap water, electric power, construction, etc.); The tertiary industry refers to commerce, service industry, post and telecommunications industry, finance and insurance industry, scientific research, culture and education, health and other industries. In addition, the view of the fourth industry has emerged

the so-called fourth industry is a general term for some emerging industries based on traditional industries, which are usually divided into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. It is a division of industrial structure in capitalist countries. It mainly includes: departments that design and produce electronics and computer software, new technology departments such as applied microcomputer, optical fiber, laser, genetic engineering, and industrial departments that are highly electronic and automated

(3) classification of resource intensive industries

also known as resource intensive cardboard tensile testing machine, its functional characteristics are as follows: degree industry classification. In the analysis of industrial structure, according to the differences in the dependence of different industries on resources in the production process, a classification method for dividing industries. This classification method roughly divides industries into:

① resource intensive industries. Also known as land intensive industry. An industry that requires more land and other natural resources in the input of production factors to produce. As a factor of production, land resources generally refer to various natural resources, including land, primeval forests, rivers, lakes and seas, and various mineral resources. Land resources are the necessary material conditions and natural basis for human production activities. The most closely related to land resources are agriculture and mining, including planting, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, mining, etc

② labor intensive industries. In the proportion of production factors, the industry with a higher proportion of labor input. It is for capital and technology intensive industries. In the process of social development, with the development of production, the progress of science and technology, and the improvement of the organic composition of capital, there are two different types of industries: labor-intensive and capital technology intensive. Labor 8. The proportion of materialized labor consumption is low and the proportion of live labor consumption is high in power intensive industries with capacitor bypass method

③ capital intensive industries have a higher proportion of capital (capital) investment in the proportion of production factors

④ technology intensive industry is also known as knowledge intensive industry. Industries that require complex, advanced and cutting-edge science and technology to produce in the input of production factors, or industries with high knowledge intensity in the labor as production factors